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    废弃矿井水地热能政策分析与开发路径探索

    Policy analysis and development pathway for geothermal exploration from abandoned mine water

    • 摘要: 开发废弃矿井水地热能是有效利用本地可再生能源,助力实现“双碳”目标,完成能源结构转型的重要途径。由于提取矿井水热量需重新启用已封闭的井巷系统,而当前缺乏针对重启废弃矿井的安全技术规范,难以获取有效的监测数据支撑编制开发技术方案,导致技术可行性与合规性不协调,行政审批难以推进困境。为解决上述问题,结合北京门头沟矿区持续14 a利用闭坑矿井水为周边居民供热的案例,从矿区及其周边水文地质条件差异的角度,探讨了采用“取热不耗水、同层等量回灌”的闭环取热技术应用在门头沟矿区的可行性。此外,借鉴山东济宁岱庄矿实施闭坑矿井水地热能的开发经验,阐明了在矿井闭坑前布局关键设施的必要性,并指出以“科研示范先行”开发模式破解当前多部门审批难以协同难题。进一步建议推广联合审批机制以提高行政审批效能,开展系统性普查与评估废弃矿山遗留可再生能源利用潜力,为后期实施分类施策与精准管控提供科学依据。

       

      Abstract: Extracting geothermal energy from abandoned mine water(EGEAMW) is recognized as a critical strategy for effectively utilizing renewable energy resources in former mining areas. It can not only achieve the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, but also facilitate a newly green energy system. EGEAMW is often required to reactivate the closed shaft and roadway systems. However, there are no specialized safety technical standards for restarting abandoned mines. To address these challenges, the case of the abandoned Mentougou mine in Beijing, where a mine-water-based heat pump system has been used for 14 years, is examined. It is found that hydrogeological condition of the mining area is different from that of the plain area, which can demonstrate the feasibility of applying a closed-loop heat extraction system. Furthermore, following the experience of the case of DaiZhuang Mine in Shandong Province, the necessity of pre-deployment of critical infrastructure prior to mine closure is highlighted. It is suggested that adopting a scientific research-driven project is free from approvals from multi-governmental departments. The promotion of joint approval among multiple governmental departments to improve administrative efficiency is further recommended, and systematic investigation and evaluation of residual renewable energy in abandoned mines are also proposed. These efforts can provide a scientific basis for future targeted policies and precise regulatory management.

       

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