Abstract: Paragenetic commercial and associated minerals in coal series are abundant in China, yet they have long been mined independently, leading to low resource utilization efficiency and serious environmental impacts, which restrict sustainable development. How to scientifically characterize the degree of coordination during mining has therefore become a key research challenge. This study proposes a Coordinated Mining Degree (CMD) evaluation method and develops differentiated models and indicator systems. Minerals are classified into general and scarce strategic categories, for which a Multi-mineral Coordinated Production Scheduling (MCPS) model and a spacing-guided model are established, respectively. The MCPS model maximizes economic efficiency through 0–1 integer programming and genetic algorithms to optimize spatiotemporal coordination of multi-orebody extraction. The spacing-guided model prioritizes resource security, adopting a three-stage framework of spacing determination, risk mechanism analysis, and technical measure matching, to quantify resource preservation and pollution risks. An integrated indicator system is then formulated, covering three dimensions—resource security and economic efficiency, mine safety, and environmental protection—with risk and state indicators. Comprehensive evaluation is achieved via dual-track scoring (standardization and threshold functions) combined with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)-based weighting. Case studies show that the CMD of a coal–bauxite mine in Shanxi is 0.8936 (good) and that of a coal–uranium mine in Xinjiang is 0.9093 (excellent). These findings validate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method in balancing economic efficiency with resource security, and demonstrate its potential to enhance the systemic and sustainable development of mineral exploitation.