Abstract: The massive emission of coal-based solid waste poses severe safety and environmental challenges. The basic characteristics of coal-based solid waste and its emission status both domestically and internationally are systematically elaborated on. The main technical approaches for its disposal and utilization as well as the research levels at home and abroad are analyzed. The technical bottlenecks and key challenges in its disposal and utilization are identified. The existing technical system covering green and low-carbon preparation and transportation, high-value material utilization, and large-scale in-situ disposal of coal-based solid waste is further examined. Future innovative development directions for its disposal and utilization, including underground carbon sequestration, geothermal collaborative development, and underground energy storage, are proposed.These efforts provide fundamental support for the green and high-quality development of coal mines.