Abstract: The national requirement to strengthen the control of groundwater level in the Yellow River Basin is not only an urgent need to protect the health of the groundwater system, but also an urgent need to protect the surface ecosystem. High intensity coal mining causes strong disturbance to the groundwater level in the Yellow River Basin, and protecting the aquifer structure of coal bases is the only way to achieve water level control. With the goal of controlling the groundwater level and protecting the groundwater system in coal mining areas, and using coal mining area planning and mining technology methods as means, the detection technology of mining-induced fracture fields has been integrated and innovated, the “Five Diagram−Three Belt−Two Zone” aquifer structure protection zoning prediction technology has been invented, a series of aquifer structure protection standards have been formulated, and a theoretical and technical system for aquifer protection based on water level and water quantity coordinated control has been formed. Comprehensive methods such as drilling core observation, downhole observation, logging curve interpretation, micro resistivity logging, and 3D seismic are used to detect the development range of mining induced fracture fields such as the water conducting fracture zone on the roof and the depth of bottom plate damage. Infrared radiation detection method is used to accurately locate the coal rock fracture development zone. Innovative coal mining technology has been developed for the protection of coal seam roof and floor aquifers, forming a coal seam roof aquifer structure protection technology mainly based on layered height limit mining, continuous mining and filling, wall strip filling, etc., as well as a coal seam floor structure and weak fractured zone grouting water retention technology. With the goal of water conservation and coal mining effect monitoring, an integrated dynamic monitoring software and information platform for water conservation and coal mining effects has been developed, instruments and equipment for accurately detecting groundwater flow velocity and direction have been developed, the evolution laws of natural and mining-induced seepage fields in mining areas have been revealed, and a provincial-level groundwater monitoring and early warning system and monitoring network for coal mining areas have been established. This provides theoretical and technical support for the control of groundwater levels and protection of underground water systems in large-scale coal bases in the Yellow River Basin.