Abstract: Inner Mongolia is an important coal producing area in China, and the problem of coal gangue storage associated with coal mining has caused severe ecological challenges, manifested as large production volume, low comprehensive utilization rate, and low industrial development level. This article systematically reviews the mainstream disposal technologies of coal gangue in the fields of building material preparation, high-value material extraction, ecological restoration, and low-carbon utilization. By comparing and analyzing the advantages, disadvantages, applicable conditions, and processing efficiency of existing treatment technologies, a comprehensive utilization system is proposed:, coal gangue is accurately classified and classified, and high-value industries such as aluminum based materials and rare metal extraction are developed on the basis of harmless disposal; Promote low-cost intelligent underground filling technology, coupled with CO ₂ geological storage technology, to simultaneously achieve in-situ solid waste disposal, geological disaster prevention and control, and large-scale carbon reduction; Combining the methods of land remediation and vegetation reconstruction in damaged mining areas to achieve ecological restoration of the mining area. On this basis, combined with the actual treatment of coal gangue mountains, goaf subsidence areas, and subsidence pits in Inner Mongolia, relying on the abundant wind and photovoltaic resources in the local area, linking the layout of the new energy industry, and building an integrated green mining technology framework of "solid waste consumption carbon sink gain land reclamation new energy empowerment". This research result can provide feasible practical ideas for the coordinated ecological governance, resource development, and low-carbon energy transformation in ecologically fragile mining areas.